TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME

Toxic shock syndrome has been associated with the use of tampons.

If you currently use tampons, be sure to read the information leaflet included in the box you purchased.

CLINICAL FEATURES

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches and rash. It can rapidly progress to severe and intractable hypotension and multisystem dysfunction. Desquamation, particularly on the palms and soles can occur 1-2 weeks after onset of the illness.

ETIOLOGIC AGENT

Usually exotoxin producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium.

INCIDENCE

In the United States, annual incidence is 1-2/100,000 women 15-44 years of age (last active surveillance done in 1987).

SEQUELAE

5% of all cases are fatal.

TRANSMISSION

S. aureus commonly colonizes skin and mucous membranes in humans. TSS has been associated with use of tampons and intravaginal contraceptive devices in women and occurs as a complication of skin abscesses or surgery.

RISK GROUPS

Menstruating women, women using barrier contraceptive devices, persons who have undergone nasal surgery, and persons with postoperative staphylococcal wound infections.

Content source: Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases (CDC) / Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases